Book Review: The Theology of Paul the Apostle by James D.G. Dunn

James D.G. Dunn, The Theology of Paul the Apostle. Eerdmans, 2006. 808pp.

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James D.G. Dunn’s The Theology of Paul the Apostle is a seminal work that provides a comprehensive examination of Pauline theology. Dunn, a highly respected New Testament scholar, meticulously explores Paul’s epistles, with a primary focus on Romans, while drawing from other letters to present a cohesive theological narrative. The book aims to understand Paul’s theology in its own terms, emphasizing theological interpretation over historical context.

Dunn introduces the dialogical nature of Paul’s letters, noting that their theological significance is deeply embedded in the specific dialogues they engage with. He identifies Romans as the central text for understanding Paul’s theology.
In the second chapter, Dunn delves into Paul’s monotheistic view of God, blending creation and salvation. He explains that Paul’s theology of God is intensely personal, influenced by his conversion and missionary activities.

He also discusses Paul’s anthropology, focusing on the terms “soma” (body) and “sarx” (flesh). He highlights the social and ecological dimensions of “soma” and the dual nature of “sarx” as flawed yet opposed to God. Humans are seen as embodied beings, with salvation representing the ultimate transcendence of the flesh.

The book explores Paul’s indictment of humankind, using the Genesis narrative and Paul’s personal experiences. He examines sin, death, and the law, underscoring Paul’s serious engagement with these concepts. The law is seen as defining sin, disciplining Israel, and paradoxically becoming an instrument of sin’s power. Dunn emphasizes that Paul’s theology reveals the breaking of these powers’ dominance through Christ.

Central to Paul’s theology is the gospel of Jesus Christ, which encompasses his life, death, and resurrection. Dunn argues that Paul sees continuity between Jesus’ teachings and his own gospel, emphasizing Jesus’ Jewishness and messianic role. He uses varied metaphors to explain the significance of Christ’s death, focusing on God’s initiative in salvation and the centrality of the cross. The resurrection is decisive for Paul, confirming Jesus’ exalted status and integrating various Christological reflections within a monotheistic framework. Dunn also discusses Paul’s conception of the pre-existent Christ, identifying him with divine Wisdom and highlighting the importance of the death and resurrection in soteriology.

Dunn examines concepts like justification by faith, participation in Christ, and the gift of the Spirit, arguing that they are complementary and central to understanding God’s reclamation of humankind. He discusses Paul’s views on baptism, addressing traditional understandings, exegetical issues, and the order of salvation.
Salvation, according to Dunn, is a process with a definitive beginning but an ongoing, lifelong journey. He explores the eschatological tension in Paul’s theology, the conflict between flesh and Spirit, and the ethical implications. Dunn emphasizes that the Spirit is given at the start of discipleship, guiding believers through transformation. He also discusses Paul’s vision of Israel’s future, highlighting the unfulfilled hope of Paul’s missionary work and his inclusive understanding of Israel.

Paul’s vision of the church as the body of Christ is a unity in diversity. Dunn addresses community formation, ministry, and authority, acknowledging the evolving structures within the early church. He discusses the theological significance of the Lord’s Supper, examining its origins, influences, and Paul’s understanding of its communal and Christological aspects.

Dunn explores Paul’s ethical teachings, balancing external norms like the law with internal motivations such as the Spirit and love. He emphasizes Paul’s integration of traditional wisdom and the importance of living in the eschatological tension between the present and future. Dunn notes Paul’s pastoral sensitivity in addressing diverse situations within his communities, encouraging respect and thoughtful engagement across the spectrum of Christian liberty.

The concluding chapter reflects on the enduring significance of Paul’s theology, rooted in his monotheistic faith and the centrality of Christ. He emphasizes the dialogue between the stories of Israel and Christ as a key feature of Paul’s theology, asserting its normative role in defining the gospel and Christian identity.

The Theology of Paul the Apostle by James D.G. Dunn is a meticulously researched and insightful work that provides a profound understanding of Paul’s theology. Dunn’s detailed analysis and ability to interconnect themes offer a holistic view of Paul’s thought. His respect for Paul as an apostle, theologian, missionary, and pastor is evident throughout, making this book an essential read for anyone seeking a deep understanding of Pauline theology. 

Rev. Sam T Rajkumar is an accomplished minister with a strong background in children’s ministry. He is currently pursuing a Master’s degree in Biblical Studies (Old Testament) at United Theological College, Bangalore. Sam has penned two books: Resounding Faith (theology) and Anime Parables (daily devotional).